WAAHOUDOK:
Houjik-ki meerol asina SAANTA DAAS
(Saanti Daas haainasu khangnaba) haaiba ming asi hek taabada MEETEI
maanghannaba Manipur-da laakkhiba Mayaang lamboiba ama oina unei.
MANIPUR-gidamak thabak kayaamarom toujaramba meeyoi asibu Laaining-leechat-ka
mari leinaba mityengdagi yenglaga yaamna taathi taaoinaba mawongda singthaanei.
MAYAANG LAMBOIBA haaina fattaba arthada chei thaangbaga loinana mahaakna
toujaramba thabaksing khudingmakki laanna waahanthok pibiduna mahaakpu norokki
tin-dagisu henna tamthiba mawongda tukkatchana singthaanari. Adubu fattana
haairibasing aduna mahaakki maramda laanna khangba nattana chumna khangbibadi
leikhide. Houjik faaobada SAANTA DAAS pu Meetei-na amadi Manipur-na khanglibasi
Meetei laaining hinggatlakpa matamda chinbungda laanna semgatlaga sandokkhiba
meechei adu nattana laachankhiba waarol amatta natkhide. Fabu farabasu fatpu
fattrabasu eikhoi-gi puwaarida khuningthek ama piramba meeyoi adubudi chumna
khangfam thok-i haaibasini.
Meetei revivalist movement laakpa
matamda chummi laalli khangdana chinthaangda laanna pangsanda sandokpibata
nattana laarei laathup semduna laanna uhanba ningthou anidi Meidingu Mayaamba @
Garibniwaaj (fambaal minglen-na Waairok Ningthou Paamheiba) amasung Meidingu
Bhaagyachandra (fambaal minglen-na Chingthangkhomba) anisini. Chinthaangda
ayoubi fangna meechei-ga loinana laanna sandoklibana Ramaanandi laaining
sandoklamba SAANTA DAAS GOSAAI asini. Ming asi hek taabada meerol asigi nahaa
ahal khaaktana meepum khudingmakna Tilaaikhombi chubagum heinadana thoklibani.
Eikhoina mahaakpu khangdringeida
Tilaaikhombi chubagum heinadaba faaorambadu khanglaba matungdana karamba
waakhal poklakpage haaibadu hakthengnana faaominnanabagi chaangyengda SAANTA
DAAS-ki MANIPUR-gi punsi adu khangminnanaba hotnari.
SAANTA DAAS laaktringei mamaanggi MANIPUR
Meidingu Paaikhomba (1666-1697) na
paanba matamda Charaairongba-na Saatpam chanu Nungthilchaaibi-da Mayaamba
(Paamheiba) bu ing 1690 heeyaangei 22ni thaangja numitta pok-i. 1695 ki
Hiyangei Thaanin Nongmaaijing-da Paamheiba-gi manaao Loiyamba pok-aga 1696
Ingaa 27ni Iraai-da Paamheiba-gi mamaa apokpi Saatpam chanu Nungthil Chaaibi
korou nonggaakhi. mahaakna korou nongaaba matam asi mapuroiba Charaairongba
ningthou oidri.
Meidingu Paaikhomba-na leikhidraba
matungda manaao ibungo Tonsen Ngamba-na Ngaangbam Chanu Ngaaikhong Ngambi
paannaduna 1673 Ingaa-gi 5 ni paanba Thaangja numit-ta pokkhiba
Charaairongba-bu ing 1697, Lamtaa-gi 10 ni paanba Iraai numit-ta Meetei
leibaak-ki ningthou oina haapkhi.
Hindu laainingda laaiming louba ahaanba
ningthoudi Charaairongba-ni. Mahaakna 1704 da charaa hellaga prajaa-singga
loinana laaiming lou-i. (Urisyaa-gi Bhubaneswar Puri-gi Setganggaatul ghaat-tagi
Meetei leibaak-ta laakpa Raam Banamaali kouba Braamhan-da Hindu-gi machal ama
oiriba laaining Saakta dharma-da dikkhaa loukhibani.) Meidingu-na Meeyaan
laaining-da laaiming loubata nattana 1706 ta kiyong saaba heiba mee thorakpadagi
Kaalikaa-gi kiyong saaba houhankhi.
Meidingu Charaairongbagi mamaangda
Meidingu Khaagemba-gi matam-da Pong ningthou Choufaa Khekkhomba-na Meetei
ningthou-da tamlakpa khudolsing-gi marakta BISNU CHAKKRA SAALAGRAAM amaga sanaa
mohar 80 na saaba sanaagi kwaagok TAKHEL KHUNU SAABA asi yaaorak-i. Meidingu-na
Khuyon Haaoba Lammaangdong, Thongjaaorok Turel-gi makhaa thangbada leiba Sorok
maningda laaisang saaraga laatkhi. laai asi laatnabagidamak Takhen-dagi
laaktuna leiraba Furaailaatpam (houjik leiriba Khuraai laairikyengbam leikaai
asida furaa saaraga laai laatlei haaiduna Furaailaatpam yumnaak pikhiba)
Subhinarayan Sarmaa-bu hounabi matung inna pujaa kathallaga sebaa chathankhi.
Bisnu laatkhiba mafam adubu Bisnupur haainasu khangnakhi.
Meetei leibaak-ta Nongchup haaram-gi meeyoising
changsillakpa houkhibasi MEIHOUBALON SANGGAAI FAMMAANG-gi matung inna Meidingu
Thawaanthaabagi matam (1195 – 1231) dagini.
SAKOK LAMLEN AHAANBA kouba puyaa-da
Paangan lamboiba ama changsillaklambagi waari panba adudagi Meidingu
Thawaanthaaba, Meidingu Khaagemba-gi matam-matamsingda Nongchup amasung Meetop
meeyaanchaa-singga samnarakpa adugi mahei oina Meidingu Charaairongba-gi
matamdadi ningthem masaamak charaa henduna SAAKTA laainingda laaiming
louramkhibaduni.
Meidingu Charaairongba-gi tungda machaa
ibungo Mayaamba -bu
fambaal minglen Waairok Ningthou Paamheiba haaina thollaga 1709 gi thawaan
thaa-gi 23 ni paanba yumjakeisa numit-ta Meetei leibaakki ningthou oikhi.
Fambaal kaaraba matungda mapaa ningthou-gi khudung induna 1715 da KAALIKAA-gi laaisang
ama saaba houkhi. Laaisang adu 1716 da sanggaaraga 1717 (Meraa thaa-gi thaajin )da
Guru Gopaal Daas-ta meidingu Paamheiba-na meeyoi kharaga loinana meeyaan laaining
(SAAKTA DHARMA) laaiming loukhi.
Masaagi chahi 19 subada ningthou oiba
ningthem Paamheiba-na chahi 8 ningthou oiraba matung masaagi chai 27 subada
SAAKTA DHARMA-da laaiming loukhibani. Matam asifaaobada Meetei leibaakta SAANTA
DAAS-ki mami udri.
SAANTA DAAS laaklaba matunggi MANIPUR
Manipur Puwaari-da SAANTA DAAS-pu ihaan
haanna ming asida laachankhiba thengnakhibasi 1727, Ingaa 5, Nongmaaijing: Saanta
Daas Guru-na Sallungthen-da keithel lingbagi thouram asidagini. Mahaak karamba
matamda laakkhibano haaibagii chap chaaba matamdi haaiba ngamde adum oinamak 1720
da Mayaang Gosaai amana chinglaga 11 thorakkhiba asida Saanta Daas yaaorakpa
oigani haaibasini. Masidagi houraga masaagi ming laachanba faaobagi chahi 8 asi
marumda leiba oina toui. Guru Mahanta haaina laachallambadi thengnei.
Mayaang Gosaai amana chinglaga 11
thorakkhiba asigi mamaangdasu atei kayaa ama leirammi. Adubu mahaak laakpaga Meidingu
Paamheiba-da laaiming piba Gopaal Daas changkhiba asina taakpadi thorakliba
kaangbu asida khara henna thaak waangba nattraga awaangba thaakki Gosaai yaaori
haaibasini. Mahaakna laakpaga Guru fam fangkhi amasung ‘guru Mahanta’ haainasu
laachanba houkhi. Saanta Daas-na laakpa matam asida leifam-gi tangdu leitaadaba
ama maaiyoknarammi. Maram asidagi 1721-da Guru Mahanta-bu Chingaa-dagi
Thangbichrou-da thinbirui. Mahaakna laakpaga ga mahaakka
thokminnarakkhibasingga loinana Social reformation-gi thabak hounaba hotnabada
matam kuina changkhi haaina louba yaai. 1722, kaalen-gi 5 nida Krisna-gi
laaisang saaba hou-i aduga thawaan-gi 22 da sanggaai. Adum oinamak, tapna tapna
awonba kharadi puraknaba hotnaba ngamkhi.
1723, Khullak-ta ok-yen loihallamde,
haaiba indabasingbu cheiraak touba oina lawaaida thaarammi. Chahi asimaktada
Umanglaai 9 amasung Lammaabi 2 gi sangaai sidokpaga loina loinana Laainingthou
Nongsaaba, Yimthei Laai, Paanthoibi, Taaibang Khaaiba (Sanaamahi) bu Baamon-na
laathalli.
1724, khullakta ok loirambasing
waakonghalli. Chahi asimakki Lamtaa-gi 20 nida Ningthem-na mapudhou
khudingmakpu Ningthi turel-da mei thaaduna potloirammi. Masidagi mei thaaduna
potloiba chatnakhi. Ningthem-bu Maharaj koubasu houdokkhi.
1726, Sajibu: Krishna-ga Kaalikaa-ga
Pukhri mapaanda thamme. (Kaalikaa asi Waangkhei leikaai-da leiba Ningthem
Pukhri-gi awaang paangbada Saairem-na laatli.) SAAKTA laaining asi Saanta
Daas-na thaadokhallakpagi mami-ni. Chahi asimakki Ingaa thaa-da Umanglaai 9 mak
Mongbahanba (Mahaabali Umang) umangda fumjinhankhi. Ingen 23, Ningthoukaaba
numittana Laaiyingthou Saanaamahi, Paanthoibi, Lammaabi 2, Soraaren, Hoidon
Pokpi 7 ki meetam thugaaikhi. Saanta Daas-na mahaakna thaajaba laaining adu
chatnahannaba hotnabada Meetei-gi haannadagi laatnarakpa laaigi khubamsing
thugaaibaga loinana SAAKTA laaininggi laaisingbusu laapna inthorakkhibani.
Laaining liaison-da haannagi chatnaramba
adu onthoknaba hotnaba asina mayol oina lourambaga iroinana leibaak-ki
chaaokhat khongthaang-gi thabaktasu mityeng changsillakpa oina 1727, Ingaa 5,
Nongmaaijing, Saanta Daas Guru-na Sallungthen-da keithel ling-i. keithel lingba
asina khunaai senmitlon fagathanganii haaina Guru-na ningbadu thabakta onthoklammi.
Keithel chaaokhathanbaga iroinana lambi thong fagathanbagi tangaai fadaba lei
haaibadu khangduna chahi asimakki Laangban 22, Nongmaaijing-da Saanta Daas
Guru-na Singjamei-da thong ama Saai.
Laaining-laaison chaaokhathanduna
fidamningaai oiba punsi mare lama pinaba hotnabaga loinana senmitolon amasung
lambi thong-gi fibham fagathanduna chaaokhatpa leibaak ama semba asiga iroinana
khutkan paanggan-na leibagi tangaai fadaba adusu khanglammi. 1728, Meraa 10,
Yumsakeisa-da Saanta Daas Guru-ga Ningthem-ga loinana Maring-da laandaai.
Khunpi, Lamlong, Karongthen amasung Machinachingba chaaikhaai. Khunpi-gi
khunyaaida laaisang ama saarammi. Saanta Daas-ki waakhallon-da leibaak
ningthouna lousallaba laaining asi henna paak chaaona sandoklamba amasung lam
lamsingda chaaokhatpagi mangaal fanghanba paamlambagi thouraang oina toukhi.
Chahi asimakki Lamdaa 17, Yumsakeisa: Guru Saanta Daas, Ningthem amasung Ibungo
Khwaairaakpa yaaona Saairem khunda laandaai. Manglen-su tou-i.
Guru Saanta Daas-na leibaak ningthouda
masaabu chumna saktaakpa ngamlaba matungda leipaakki heeram khudingmakta awonba
puraktuna nungaai-yaaifabagi paaojel purakliba mapaao adubu nollukpa uttuna
1729, Waakching Purnimaa numit, Guru Saanta Daas, Ningthem-su Lilong-da iruppi.
Numit asida Saanta Daas guru-na ningthembu haannadagi henna fagatpa thaak amada
pukhatpiduna lugun-su sihalle. Chahi asimakki Waakching 22, Yumsakeisaa-da Guru
Saanta Daas, Ningthem-ga punna Kapui Nungsaang laandaaba chattuna ningthem-gi
mingchat henna leihanba ngamkhi.
Lugun thaangbiduna, lambi thong semduna,
keithel lingduna leipaakki paamjaba masak ama uba fanglabada 1730, Meraa 19,
Ningthoukaaba-da Guru Saanta Daas-ka Ningthem-ga Yaairipok-ta saaba sanggaai
adu sang kaaramlaga chahi asimakki Hiyaangei 3, Ningthoukaaba numit Tuwaarok-ta
Guru Saanta Daas thinba Ningthem chatli. Guru Saanta Daas-ka meeyoi 6 loinaduna
Manipur thaadoklamlaga chatkhi.
Guru-na leitringei matam asida guru-na
tambiramba laaining aduda pukning changlaba Ningthem-na 1731, Sajibu 17,
Leibaakpokpa numitta Nimaandi (haanna chatlamba SAAKTA laaining) chatpa khibik
waakonghalli. 1732, Meraa 17, Nongmaaijing-da Meetei-gi ayiba laairik-sing
maanghalli (PUYAA MEI THAABA), Mongbahanba-da thamba Sanaamahi-gi murti-su
maanghalli. Puyaa mei thaadokkhraba thaa aniromgi matung chahi adumakki Poinu
thaa-da Guru Saanta Daas-na mayaang lamdagi thaakur kayaa ama kouthoktuna
thorak-i. thorakpaga amuk 1733, Thawaan 8, Leibaakpokpa-da Guru Saanta Daas
Awaa-da changkhi. Masi mahaakna atoppa furup kaanglup-singda laaininggi mangaal
piduna haanna leiramba fibhamdagi henna faba punsi mare lama fanghanba paambagi
potlum leibadagi oiba yaai adum oinamak Guru Saanta Daas Awaa changkhibadu
changba yaadaduna chahi adumakki Waakching 3, Iraai numitta hallak-i.
Hallaklga leibaak asida 1734, Kaalen 25,
Iraai numit chithek naaiba sel puthoktuna chatnahalli. Masi Guru Saanta Daas-ki
ithil-dagi oifam thok-i. masidasu nattana chahi asimakki Meraa 12, Thaangja-da
Ningthou amasung angam-athousingbu seithaaduna isei sakpa houdokkhi. Maaigeii
amaromda lemhouba Nimaandi chatpa khibikpu Lamdaa 17, Sagolsen numitta amuk
khangattuna waakong-i.
Leibaak ama chaaokhatpada leibaak adugi
masaagi revenew asi yaamnamak maruni. Masaagi lamdamdagi sijinnanaba potthok
maraang kaaina puthokpa haaibasi yaamnamak tangaai fadabani. Tangaai fadaba
asibu mensinbada sougatpa oina 1735, Lamdaa 13, Iraai numit-ta Guru Saanta Daas-ka
Moiraang Yumthangba-ga Sikhong Ningen-gi anouba thumkhong tou-i. masi
Manipur-gi puwaari-da yaamnamak maru oiba amani. Eikhoina MEETEI THUM haaiduna
pannariba thum asi Guru Saanta Daas-ki thousil makhaada paaikhatkhibani.
Matam asida lugun thaangdaba
NIMAANDI-singbu waakongbagi thabak makhaa chattharammi. 1736, Ingaa 2,
Ningthoukaaba: Nimaandi chatpa khibik-pu waakong-i. Baamon-sing-di Mayaang
lamda thaajilli. Ningthemchaa oiragana mafam thaai. Ayaambadi Pan-da thaai.
Chahi asimaktagi Meraa 11, Nongmaaijing-da Guru Saanta Daas-na atoppa Keithen ama
amuk semba chatli. Ningel-gi thumkhong touramlaba matungda atoppa mafam ama
amuk thiduna chahi asimakki Poinu 28, Ningthoukaaba-da Guru Saanta Daas-na
Lokpa ching manaakta thumkhong ama amuk huk-e.
Leibaakki tangaaifadana sijinnagadaba
potlam-singgi mataangdasu Guru Saanta Daas-ki mityeng thamlammi. Leibaakki
langei oinaba 1736, Lamdaa 22, Thaangja-da Guru Saanta Daas-ka Sanaa Ahan-ga
Moiraang-da saamu faaba chatli. Khongchat aduda saamu 11 faarakkhi. Sanaa
ahan-ga chatluba matung amuk 1737, Laangban 13, Thaangja-da Guru Saanta Daas-ka
Sanaa Atonba-ga Moiraangda saamu faaba chatli. Chahi asigi Meraa thaanin,
Sagolsen numitta Ningthem yaaona meeyoi 3000 nogun thaang-e. thaa asimakki 11,
Leibaakpokpa-da Guru Saanta Daas-ka majaa ibungo Syam Saai-ga Awaa-da laandaaba
chatli.
1738, Sajibu 3, Nongmaaijing-da Guru Saanta
Daas-na Laanglong khun semba chatli. Guru-na masaagi oijaba amatta thidana
ningthou-gi henna mingchat leinaba amasung leibaakki kaannanaba kayaa touba
asidagi ningthouna pelladuna chahi asigi Kaalen 14, Thaangja numit-ta Ipi
Hidaak Sungbi-na machaa Sija-bu Ningthem yaaona Guru Saanta Daas-ta thinthei.
Masina leibaak asida Guru-gi tung koina leithaba yaanaba, amuk hanna leibaak
thaadoktuna chatkhidanaba maram oihankhi.
Maaigei amaromda nogun thaangbagi thabak
adu leiptana chatthari. 1738, Ingen 5, Nongmaaijing-dasu leibaak ayaamba nogun
thaangbikhi. Masina nogun thaangba sabhya samaaj (civilized society) ama
semgatpagi thabakta henna paakthok chaaothokhankhi. Atoppa maaigei amada saamu
faabagi thabak-su pothaaramde. Chahi asimakki Laangban 17, Ningthoukaaba-da
Guru Saanta Daas-na Moiraang-da saamu faaba chatli.
Ningthem ningol lourabanina haanna
leiramba fibhamdagi khara henna faba sanggaai amada leinanaba 1738, Lamdaa 5,
Thaangja numit-ta sija mawaa Guru Saanta Daas-ki sanggaai saaba hou-i.
Nogun thaangba sabhya samaaj semgatpagi
khongchat asida saruk yaadaba haannagi laaining (SAAKTA/Nimaandi) chattuna leibasingbu
1740, Sajibu 21, Leibaakpokpa-da waakonghalli. Chahi asigi Ingaa 19,
Ningthoukaaba-da Pong ningthou-na thorakpa taanja oibana- Pong ningthou, Guru Saanta
Daas amasung Meetei ningthou-na hi amamam tonglaga hiyaang taannei.
1742, Thawaan 8, Yumsakeisa: Nimaandi
chatpasingbu waakongbaga loinana loi thaaduna anouba afaba lonchat asibu
lousinnaba thouraang paaikhatpa leppamde. (Khettri Cheitanya Parmaanni,
Saaikhom Laangmei, Khaaidem Narottam-nachingba loi thaai.) maaigei amaromda,
chahi asimakki Faairen 10, Ningthoukaaba-da Guru Saanta Daas-na Khongjaai-da
laandaaba chattuna leibaakki ngamkhei paakthok chaaothokhanbata nattana
ningthou-gi mingchat makhaa taana chaaokhathallammi.thaa asimakki thaasi,
Nongmaaijing-da Guru Saanta Daas-na Ningen-da thumkhong hukpa chatli. Leibaak
ningthou-gi matik mangaan sandoknaba 1743, Poinu thaanin, Nongmaaijing: Guru Saanta
Daas-na Awaa-da laandaanaba khongsaalli.
Matou asumna leibaak ningthou-gi yaaifanaba
touramba, khunaai senmitlon chaaokhatnaba, khutkan paangganbata nattana anouba
henna chaaokhatpa khunaai ama lingnaba hotnajaramba Guru Saanta Daas 1744,
Hiyaanggei 27, Leibaakpokpa numit Awaa-da korou nonggaakhi. Mapuroibana
leikhidrabada mathou mangam paangnaba Paamheiba-gi macaa sija-na chahi asigi Poinu
11, Leibaakpokpa numit Gangaa iruppa chatkhi. Mathou mangam pumnamak
paanglamlaba matung 1745, Poinu 3, Iraai-da Guru Saanta Daas-ta thaajaba Sija
Gangaa iruppa chatkhibadu Baamon Kripaaraam-ga loinana hallak-i.
WAAROISIN
Saanta Daas haairiba RAAMANADIN asi
pukchel sengba, thaajaba yaaba Ramaandin-singgi marakta athoiba amasung masaagi
oijaba thidaba SRIRAAM-gi matik-mayaai-gi nungsi thoiraba paaojel puraktuna
MANIPUR-bu RAAM RAJYA amagum semgatpa paamkhiba meeyoini. Laaining-gi athuppa
iru adu fanghanduna thawaai-da nouna masek mangaan fanghanbaga loinana leibaak
ningthou-gi mingchat henna chaaokhathannaba hotnabirammi. Senmitlon-gi fibham
fagatnaba keithel lingbaga loinana lambi thong semjinbirammi. Leibaakki potthok
chaathok hengathannaba paandamda thumkhong-sing tourammi. Anouba khun lingduna
khundaa leitaahallammi. Mottaai-chudaainana ok yen loiraga leiramba punsi marel
adudagi henna lu naanba punsi marel ama fanghanbirammi. Mee siraga yumlakta
leiron chansinba thingduna asi-achang anigi langdaai khanghanbirammi. Masaagi
laaininglonna tambiba siraga mei thaaduna potloiba asi chatnahallammi. Furup
amabu chaaokhatpagi mangaal piba ngamlamdraba haannagi laairik laaisu-sing
maanghallaga henna mangaal fanghanba ngamgani khanjaramba waari kayaa Meeteiron
da handoktuna taahanbata nattana laairik oinasu isilhankhi. Leibaak pumnamakpu
RAAM NINGBAda pukning thougatkhi.
RAAM NINGBA asina paanggal-da, thounaa
fabada, dharma chenbada, lu-naanbada, kaanglon naaibada, pukchel khoijel
fajabada, pukning lousingda, prajaa-singbu luna-chaanna toubada amadi heeram pumnamakta chaaokhatpada mateng
paangngi. Haairiba punsi marel asibu fangdriba meeyoi kaanglup ama oiramba
MEETEI-da fanghannabagidamak masaagi mapunsi asi katthokkhi. Masimak asengba
RAMAANDIN amagi machatni.
Asumna katthoklaba punsi amana chahi 18
chupna leibaak ningthou-gi thougal tourakpadagi pellaba ningthouna machaa
ningol faaoba guru sebaa fangnaba 1738 ta katkhi. Machaa sija thaajabiraga
anouba sanggai saabiduna nungaai yaaifana anisuba ningthougum thambikhi. Saanta
Daas-na ningthou-gi machaa sija-ga chahi 6 rom yum paanminnaduna leiminnakhi.
Makhoigi dhaaraa thamlambra thamlamdabra haaibadi haaiba ngamdana lei.
- - -
RAMAANDIN amasung makhoigi maramda makhaa taana ijarakkhigani.